During the Warring States period, the princes dominated and the nations competed. However, the pattern of division has not blocked the development and exchange of economic and cultural developments in various countries. During this period, the jade culture was flourishing, the jade was made and used more and more, and the utensils and patterns were more colorful.
The jade articles unearthed from the Tomb of the King of Zhongshan in the Pingshan Warring States are quite complex. From the perspective of the ages, in addition to a large number of jade articles in the middle of the Warring States period, there are jade articles in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, the early Warring States Period and the late Warring States. There are Zhongshan-style jade articles, as well as jade culture systems such as the Central Plains, Chu Style, and Yue Style. There are even Zhongshan Jade Workers emulating the Jade Objects of the Central Plains or Chu Style.
National style jade
The jade carving art of Zhongshan State reflects the advocacy and customs of Zhongshan people, and the pattern and composition of the paintings are very different from the traditional carving techniques of Huaxia jade, full of rich local colors. One of them is the unique dragon èž jade plate.
On the plane composition, Zhongshan people like to decorate the picture with a barrier and a symmetrical way. The barrier type is a very unique composition method of Zhongshan jade. This is a kind of composition method defined in the picture partition, which is not only the need of specific modeling performance, but also the impression of the frame beam structure. For those who have distinctive features, the authors carefully placed the dragon glass image in a symmetrical triangle or square, in order to make the picture neat and standardized, and the middle is separated by a convex bar. At the same time, in each of the same and continuous pictures, the partitions are separated by vertical strips. This ingenious composition method makes the limited picture appear neat and tidy, the theme is prominent, and the raised decorative barriers add a sense of peace and stability, expressing the unique appreciation habits and aesthetic requirements of the Zhongshan people.
The intensive use of oblique plaids is a significant decorative feature of the Jade National Jade Warriors in the Warring States, and is also an important basis for identifying the jade articles of Zhongshan. This type of ornamentation is mostly in a vertical or horizontal or diagonally staggered layout, and is repeatedly scribed in a mesh form. Some appear on the frontal, face, and nose of the animal face, some are made on the body of the dragon and the tiger, while others are decorated in the border of the picture, in the compartment, and on the dress of the character. . This shows the extent to which Zhongshan people love this kind of diagonal plaid. This phenomenon is extremely rare in jade articles in other parts of the Warring States.
During the Warring States period, the number of jade artifacts was relatively large, and the categories were also abundant, but the jade portraits were extremely rare. More than ten jade people unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan No. 3 can be said to be discovered for the first time. These jade people have unique shapes and simple techniques. They have common ancient and simple, but also different postures and characteristics. They are either slender, slim, or short, thin and wide, but they are all head-shaped, with their hands on the abdomen, the upper body without light, the lower body wearing a long skirt, and the skirt pattern. It is decorated with dense diagonal plaids in the symmetrical square frame interior. These jade people, the shape is flat, the front is densely decorated with oblique plaid, but the back is light without grain, and there is no perforation in the whole body. Archaeological studies have proved that there are still monks in the tombs of Zhongshan in the Spring and Autumn Period, and they are all dead, and most of them are slaves and aides. In the early Warring States period, the tombs of nobles gradually accepted the influence of Chinese culture. The tombs system had no obvious difference with the Central Plains people. The deaf system had been abolished, and the substitutes of human beings appeared. There are a large number of jade portraits in the No. 3 tomb of Zhongshan. It may be a substitute for human beings. It is a symbol of the shackles, dancers and servants of the deceased.
The unique image of the jade in the Warring States’ Zhongshan country may be a true portrayal of real life, perhaps a god with some kind of witchcraft meaning. There is no doubt that these jade people’s horny hairstyles and diagonal lattice patterns The costumes should be the typical costumes of the Chinese people of Zhongshan, reflecting the unique ethnic customs and cultural atmosphere of the Chinese people.
Dragon-shaped jade shape strange
The dragon is a common artistic form in ancient Chinese relics. During the Warring States period, the dragon pattern was more colorful. In the jade unearthed from the Tomb of the King of Zhongshan, a lot of dragon patterns were seen. In addition to the common styles, there were some strange shapes, which were refreshing and amazing. Here, we may wish to take a look at the dragon-shaped jade of the Zhongshan country of the Warring States through the following dragon-shaped jade.
The body is s-shaped dragon-shaped jade, which is a popular style in the Warring States Period. In the Warring States, the s-shaped dragon-shaped jade of the Zhongshan State not only slanted the moiré on the joints of the limbs, but also carved a "human" pattern on the dragon's body. The tail was curled and decorated with skein, especially chic. The three dragons are also carved out through a ring. Due to the ingenious craftsmanship and the flexible use of the yin and yang lines, the flat surface shows a certain relief effect.
There is also a dragon-shaped jade with a long and thin body, no limbs, and a double dragon cross. Although the overall shape is relatively simple, in the body of the dragon, the figure of the body is like a snake, and it is decorated with a skein. The grain, at the edge of the jade, is also engraved with fine squares. The surface of this work has the words "public gongyiji", which is precious.
In addition, in the jade artifacts unearthed from the Zhongshan Kingdom of the Warring States, there have been many images of "èž". The so-called "èž" is one of the legendary Longsheng nine sons, a dragon without a horn. The jade-shaped jade is very rare in the jade articles of the Warring States. In the Jade National Jade, there are a large number of striated images with different postures and various shapes. They are either a double body, or a back-body, or a double-body entanglement, or a parasitic attachment. Body, these images of dragons and dragons with various shapes and different postures can be called the original creation of Zhongshan in the Warring States. Among them, they absorb some of the characteristics of dragons in Chinese culture, and they can't help but immerse themselves in the aesthetic taste of Zhongshan people. The present is dignified and solemn, fully demonstrating the mythical color of the dragon.
Embroidery is a general term for various decorative patterns embroidered on fabrics by needle and thread. Embroidery is divided into silk embroidery and feather embroidery. It is a kind of decorative fabric that uses a needle to puncture silk thread or other fibers and yarns with certain patterns and colors on the embroidered materials, and then forms the decorative pattern with the embroidery trace. It is the art of adding human design and production to any fabric that exists with needles and threads. Embroidery is one of the traditional Chinese folk crafts, which has a history of at least two or three thousand years in China. Chinese embroidery mainly includes Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Shu embroidery and Guangdong embroidery. Embroidery techniques include: wrong needle embroidery, random needle embroidery, net embroidery, all over embroidery, lock silk, nasi, Najin, Pingjin, Yingjin, Panjin, fluting, scraping, poking, sprinkling, cross stitch, etc. the main uses of embroidery include life and art decoration, such as clothing, bedding, tablecloth, stage, art decoration.
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